The results show people’s cognitive strengths and weaknesses are linked to differences in the volume of gray matter in certain parts of the brain.

As such the findings offer “the possibility that brain scans could be used in the future to develop a profile of a person’s gray matter in different areas of the brain,” Richard Haier of the University of California, School of Medicine (Emeritus), Irvine, told LiveScience. “And this profile could be used to help people decide what kinds of vocations they might be good at just like test scores are used.”

Brain voxels

Haier and his colleagues analyzed data from 40 people, ages 18 to 35, who took eight aptitude tests used by the Johnson O’Connor Research Foundation (JOCRF) for career guidance. They also had structural brain scans, which showed the volume of gray matter for each of millions of 3-dimensional units, called voxels, in the brain images.

The tests included those for two kinds of memory (verbal and number), two types of numerical ability, speed of reasoning, and two types of spatial aptitude.

Results showed if one were to look at a general memory test score you’d be missing part of the picture. If a person was good at, say, verbal memory and not so much in numerical, their patterns of gray matter would differ from someone with high overall memory but low verbal type.

Future career counselors?

Brain scans could be used to complement the aptitude tests to give a more reliable idea of a person’s ideal career.

“Nobody is suggesting brain scans would predict this so well you wouldn’t need to talk to anybody, although this is a science-fiction possibility – but whether society would accept this is dubious,” Haier said.

The link between brains and jobs makes sense, in the Earthly realm. “It’s not a giant leap to believe the brain has something to do with mental strengths and weaknesses,” which have to do with a person’s vocation.

For instance, while most of us can learn to drive, not everyone can become a professional racecar driver. Whether it’s relatively slow reaction time or a weakness in the spatial reasoning department, there are some special kinds of cognition involved in driving at extremely high speeds, Haier said.

“Theoretically there might be something about their brains that allows them to excel in this profession,” Haier said.